The female body goes through a lot during the course of a lifetime. The reproductive age in a woman’s life starts with menstruation, which signals that her reproductive system has started functioning and is ready to bear a child. However, this process is complicated and depends on many smaller processes that can give rise to a number of gynecologic health issues. Here are a few of the most common issues women encounter during their reproductive years.
Irregular bleeding. Periods usually last about five days. Some women have shorter menstrual cycles, while others have longer ones. Heavy bleeding often is accompanied by clots and cramping. The average blood loss from menstruation is approximately four ounces, or eight tablespoons. It may be normal for some women to experience heavier bleeding, up to twice the “average” amount, and still be within the normal range. Many women experience one “heavy” day during their period, but this is preceded and followed by lighter-flow days. If at any time you are experiencing consistent heavy bleeding, clots or cramping, contact your physician. Treatment for irregular bleeding during periods usually involves prescription drugs, or surgery if the bleeding is severe.
Yeast infections. Vaginal yeast infection is a common cause of vaginal irritation. It has been estimated that approximately 75 percent of all women will experience at least one infection during their lifetime. Yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of the yeast cells that are normally in the vagina. Several factors are associated with increased rates of infection, including pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes and the use of oral contraceptives or antibiotics. Other factors that may increase the chance of infection include the use of perfumed feminine hygiene sprays, topical antimicrobial agents and tight, poorly ventilated clothing and underwear. As far as treatment is concerned, most yeast infections can be treated with over-the-counter or prescription medications.
Uterine fibroids. Nodules of smooth muscle and tissue may form within the wall of the uterus, although what makes them grow is unknown. They aren’t cancerous, but they can cause excessive or painful bleeding during menstruation, frequent urination or infertility. Until recently, hysterectomy was the only treatment, but doctors are realizing that fibroids may not require any intervention besides over-the-counter, anti-inflammatory drugs or prescription drugs for more bothersome cases.
Endometriosis. At the end of every cycle, when hormones cause the uterus to shed its lining, or endometrium, displaced endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus can break apart and bleed. However, unlike menstrual fluid from the uterus, which is discharged during menstruation, blood from the displaced tissue has no place to go. Tissues surrounding the area of the uterus may become inflamed or swollen. The inflammation may produce scar tissue, which may develop into lesions or growths. While the treatment for endometriosis has varied over the years, doctors now agree that if the symptoms are mild, no treatment other than medication for pain may be needed.
If in doubt, talk to your doctor
While these are just a few examples of gynecologic concerns, there are still others to consider like genital herpes, abnormal cramping and certain types of cancer. Be sure to contact your gynecologist with any questions or concerns about your reproductive health.
Has it been a while since your last check-up, or do you need a new physician? Call us at 317.565.0535 to request an appointment.
Source: WomensHealth.gov
